Background and Aim : Two recent decades of research on clinical data of diabetic patients and respective animal models have revealed a correlations between metabolic inefficiency at the systems level and neurocognitive impairment in the hippocampus and other regions of brain involved in learning and memory. Therefore, obesity and
type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinically considered as crucial risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia, including vascular dementia and Alzheimer s disease. Unfortunately, inappropriate daily life in modern industrialized societies is characterized by a low rate of physical activity. consequently, extreme changes in the quality, quantity, and source of food consumed in many developed countries combined with a decrease in levels of physical activity have produced a big concern regarding to increasing number of te patients suffering from Alzheimer s disease and cognitive impairment hallmarks. In addition, this lifestyle is manifested with the consumption of highly processed foods, which has led to an increase in the prevalence of obesity, metabolic disorder and diabetes and their complications.These factors could accelerate the process of aging as well as development of other pathologic states as atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease. However, physical activity could improve cognitive function and has been linked to the increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Accordingly, the aim of present study was to investigate the action of endurance training on short-term
memory and neuroinflammation caused by T2D which is induced through inactivity and
processed food in C57BL/6 mice.Methods : 4-week male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups including normal (control) and
processed food diets without physical activity for 16 weeks. Then,
processed food fed mice with blood glucose levels ≥120 dl/mL were considered diabetic and divided into the
processed food and processed food+exercise groups. The exercise group exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. On the final day of exercise, the mice underwent a T-maze test and 24 h after the last exercise session, all mice were sacrificed. Hippocampus was excised and frozen for the assessment Bdnf as well as inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-1β). Results : Data indicated that the mRNA level of hippocampus IL-6 and Bdnf markers increased significantly in diabetic animals while IL-1β mRNA did not change. In addition, the T-maze test scores of diabetic animals showed an improvent on
memory after exercise which was correlated well with an increased Bdnf transcript levels.Conclusion : The present study showed that endurance exercise can significantly reduce neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of diabetic animals, which can subsequently promote improvements in spatial
memory presumably due to an increase in Bdnf RNA level.