Background and aims: Artificial intelligence can be defined as the use of software and hardwaresystems designed by humans to achieve a complex goal in the physical or digital dimension byunderstanding their environment through the collection and interpretation of structured or unstructureddata. Ultimately, this data serves to decide the best actions to achieve a given goal.Artificial intelligence for healthcare offers potential solutions to some challenges facing healthcaresystems worldwide. Artificial intelligence can play an essential role in improving the nursingprofession. However,
artificial intelligence in
nursing has been associated with challenges andopportunities that are important to consider. This systematic review aimed to assess the currentchallenges and opportunities of
artificial intelligence in nursing.Method: This systematic review utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. An extensive search was conducted in online databasesincluding PubMed, ISI, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science direct with the keywords such as“Artificial Intelligence”, “Machine Intelligence”, “Nursing”, “Occupations”, “Profession”, fromthe earliest records up to October ۲۰, ۲۰۲۲. Also, all English-language studies related to thepurpose of the present study were included. Letters to the editor, opinions, conference abstracts,interventions, and reviews were excluded from this study. The appraisal tool for cross-sectionalstudies (AXIS tool) was used to assess the quality of included studies. All stages of search andquality evaluation of articles were conducted by two researchers independently.Results: Seven out of ۵۲۴ studies were included in this systematic review. Challenges of usingartificial intelligence in the
nursing profession included loss of human-to-human interaction thatcan compromise the ethics of care (۲۲%), concern about the ethical use of these technologies(۱۵%), replacement of these technologies with nurses and bias in data management, lack of comprehensiveevaluation of outcomes including the quality of patient care (۱۲%). In addition, theburden of care (۱۱%), patient satisfaction (۹%), impact on
nursing care (۹%), non-compliancewith professional guidelines (۷%), and economic aspects of using
artificial intelligence technologiesthat lead to insufficient communication description are among other challenges (۴%). On theother hand, opportunities include providing sufficient information about
artificial intelligence andcreating clear discussions about
artificial intelligence in
nursing (۴%), creating an opportunity fornurses to focus on patient-centered care (۴%), and emphasizing the development of guidelines forclinical nurses on safe adoption. It is suitable for such innovations (۳%).Conclusion: In general, use
artificial intelligence technologies has been associated with challengesand opportunities that require special attention. Therefore, it is suggested that policymakersof the
nursing profession pay attention to the professional role of nurses in developing andimplementing technologies based on
artificial intelligence to implement
nursing informatics anddetermine the qualification of
artificial intelligence at all levels of
nursing education.