بررسی اثر برهمکنش برخی از عناصر کم مصرف بر کمیت و کیفیت گندم

This research was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of micronutrients on yield and quality of wheat grain. Three factorial experiments were established in completely randomized design with three replications. In the first experiment interaction of zinc and iron, in the second experiment interaction of iron and manganese and in the third experiment interaction of zinc and copper in three soil samples was studied. In soils No. 1 and 3, application of 100 kg ha-1 ZnSO4 increased wheat yield by 27.5 and 41.7%, respectively. Grain yield produced by the foliar application of zinc was not statistically differed from the grain production by the soil application of ZnSO4. In soil No. 2, the effect of zinc fertilization was not significant on grain yield. Fe fertilization increased the yield of wheat in all three soil samples. The highest grain yield in soil No. 1 and 3 was obtained with foliar application of Fe that was 16.1 and 16.9% more than control. In soil No. 2, highest yield was produced with the application of 20 kg ha-1 FeEDDHA. The positive effect of using 100 kg ha-1 MnSO4 was observed in yield that was not significantly differed from the effect of foliar application of Mn-EDTA. Grain yield was not changed with Cu fertilization. Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentration in wheat straw increased with the application of these elements. In soil No. 1 and 3, soil application and in soil No. 2, foliar application of ZnSO4 produced the greatest amount of Zn concentration and uptake by grain. In soil No. 1 iron concentration in grain increased with 20 kg ha-1 FeEDDHA and in soil No. 2, 40 kg ha-1 FeEDDHA or foliar application of FeSO4 enhanced iron concentration in grain. In soil No. 3, Fe fertilization in all level increased the Fe concentration in grain with no difference between soil and foliar application of Fe. Interactive effects of micronutrients on yield and chemical composition of wheat were influenced by soil properties and wheat variety. In soil No. 1, Fe concentration and uptake by grain was not affected by Zn application but in soil No. 2, grain Fe content decreased by Zn fertilization in all levels. Mn and Cu concentration was not influenced by Zn application. In soil No. 1, Fe fertilization had no any effects on Zn concentration and uptake by grain while in soil No. 2 negative effect of Fe fertilization on Zn concentration and uptake by grain was observed. The average content of Mn in grain was unchanged when Fe used. Mn application decreased the Fe concentration in wheat straw but had no effect on Fe concentration in grain. Cu fertilization on Zn concentration and Zn Fertilization on Cu concentration in grain had no significant effect. Negative interaction between Zn and Fe or Fe and Mn on the concentration of these micronutrients in grain was markedly observed in deficient condition. In Zn deficient condition, Fe fertilization decreased Zn concentration in grain. In this condition soil and foliar application of Zn improved Zn concentration in grain