Molecular basis of ovarian cancer and targeted therapy

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Ovarian cancer is a common reason of death. For example, in Iran, ovariancancer is a common neoplasm, grade as the 8th most frequent for incidence. A five-year survival of ovarian cancer patients in Iran is estimated to be 61%. For this reason, the study of the molecularmechanisms and targeted therapy of ovarian cancer is very important. A number of molecules have been itemized to be elaborate in the tumorigenic progression of invasion, metastasis and resistance totreatment. Molecular studies in all types of ovarian cancer have shown the influence of certain genes that are altered, activated (oncogenes), or inactivated (onco-suppressor genes). These changes mayoccur at the establishment of the progress of neoplastic events, and detection of these alterations in certain genes may be of clinical importance for the early diagnosis and the valuation of the progress ofmalignancy and targeted therapy. Many targeted agents have been examined in the therapy of ovarian cancer in clinical trials. These targets include VEGFR- and EGFR-signaling cascades. Currently,antiangiogenic agents are moving from Phase II to III clinical trials in ovarian cancer. Several Phase II and III trials are currently evaluating PARP inhibitor in combination with chemotherapy. Also phase IItrial of 837 patients with ovarian cancer treated with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, showed only 7.3% of the 41 ERBB2-positive patients responded to treatment. Hence, the drugs are known astargeted therapy assistance to stop cancer from developing and diffusion. The aim of the present review is to provide a report of the recent works concerning the molecular biology of ovarian cancer and newtargeted therapy of this cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ovarian Cancer ، Cell and Cancer ، Cancer Stem Cells ، Targeted Cancer Therapy ، Chemotherapy