Engineered Nanocarrier Systems: Recent Advances in Cellular Targeting Mechanisms and Their Immunophysiological Implications for Tissue

Because they enable precise spatiotemporal control over the delivery of medicines, nucleic acids, and other bioactive chemicals into target cells and tissues, human-designed nanocarriers have become an essential component of biomedical science and regenerative medicine. The development of passive and active targeting was made possible by advancements in lipid-, polymer-, inorganic-, and biomimetic-based platforms. Additionally, the use of stimuli-responsive systems enables the controlled release of the payload in response to changes in the microenvironment, such as pH level, redox state, and enzyme activity. The host's immune system plays a major role in how well nanocarriers work. To create an environment that is conducive to tissue regeneration, these interactions are frequently purposefully altered, particularly by reprogramming macrophage polarization. In addition to discussing the current issues and potential future directions in this field, this review highlights the literature on the design criteria of nanocarriers, different targeting strategies, and immunophysiologic effects of nanocarrier and immune cell interactions in the context of tissue regeneration.

کلیدواژه ها:

Receptors ، Peptide ، protein corona ، Macrophages ، immunomodulation ، tissues