The importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and its impact on the health of the fetus and newborn

Introduction One of the most sensitive and important periods of a woman's life is pregnancy. Having an appropriate diet plan, considering the physiology and individual characteristics, is essential to meet the nutritional needs of the mother and fetus. Weight control and prevention of various complications and diseases during this period. Various factors such as proper maternal nutrition affect the health of the mother and fetus. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy is one of the valid criteria for assessing her nutritional status. Since low birth weight infants are at higher risk of mortality due to their specific conditions, the present study was conducted to investigate the importance of nutrition for pregnant mothers and its effect on the health of the infant. Insufficient intake of healthy foods during pregnancy can affect the health of the fetus, and an inappropriate dietary pattern is a factor in the risk of giving birth to a low birth weight infant. Substances that are deficient in the body cause reduced brain development, such as vitamin D, protein and zinc (sources of zinc include various vegetables, especially root vegetables, onions and seafood, especially saltwater fish). The effect of nutrition on fetal intelligence is inevitable, and most doctors recommend fish because of the presence of omega-۳. The developing fetus needs calcium for the formation and growth of bones, heart, nerves, healthy joints, regular heartbeat and blood clotting ability. If calcium is not received in sufficient quantities during pregnancy, the baby obtains the calcium it needs from the mother's bones, which may endanger the mother's health. During pregnancy, mothers should consume sufficient amounts of milk and dairy products, various types of fish, green vegetables, nuts and dried fruits to provide the calcium needed by their fetus. They can also use calcium supplements if diagnosed by a doctor. The health, nutrition and well-being of women during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum periods are very important to ensure positive pregnancy outcomes and long-term outcomes for mothers and children.

کلیدواژه ها:

nutrition ، healthcare ، pregnancy ، infant health