Therapeutic effects of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics in the treatment of type ۲ diabetes (a review study)

The problem of diabetes, and type ۲ diabetes in particular, is a long-lasting non-communicable disease that, because of the improper modern way of life, influences numerous adults at a mid-adolescent age and has usually irreversible outcomes for the victims. Competition between probiotics and epithelial cells, enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids, and altered immune reactions build the mucosal barrier and decrease systemic inflammation through probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis. Selective fermentable substances like inulin and fructooligosaccharides as prebiotics promote the activity of beneficial microorganisms and, by promoting the production of desirable metabolites, lead to enhanced gastrointestinal functioning and metabolic control. The synergistic interaction of the two groups in the form of synbiotics has pronounced increases in microbiota-based and immunomodulatory effects. An analysis of evidence available shows that the biotics may be used as a new and low-adverse-effect method in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic dysfunctions. This paper brings into light the basic importance of biotics in human health through a review of the molecular and clinical mechanisms that are related to them.

کلیدواژه ها:

Type ۲ diabetes ، Probiotics ، Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ، Fructooligosaccharides ، Synbiotics