Microbial Biotechnology in Combating Climate Change and Enhancing Food Security: A Comprehensive Review

Climate change represents a critical threat to planetary health, directly impacting microbial ecosystems and, consequently, global food security and disease dynamics. This review examines the dualistic role of microorganisms in the context of climate change: as vulnerable entities subject to climatic disruptions and as potent agents for mitigation and adaptation. We analyze how alterations in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events reshape microbial communities, driving the emergence of infectious diseases, accelerating antimicrobial resistance, and threatening biodiversity. In parallel, we highlight the transformative potential of microbial biotechnology. Key strategies discussed include the utilization of microorganisms for carbon sequestration, the production of sustainable biofuels, the bioremediation of polluted environments, and the development of microbial-based solutions for resilient agriculture, such as biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. Furthermore, the convergence of microbiology and nanotechnology for food preservation and safety is explored. Emphasizing a holistic approach, the review advocates for the integration of the One Health framework to address these interconnected challenges. The synthesis of current evidence underscores that leveraging microbial innovation is an urgent and essential pathway to foster ecosystem resilience and ensure sustainable food systems in a changing climate.

کلیدواژه ها:

Climate change ، Microbial biotechnology ، Food security ، Bioremediation ، Nanotechnology ، Antimicrobial resistance