The Impact of Microbiome-Based Dietary Interventions on Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Review of Evidence and Mechanisms

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, represents a major global health challenge. The gut microbiome, a key interface between diet and host physiology, has emerged as a critical modulator of metabolic health. This review synthesizes current evidence on the efficacy and mechanisms of dietary interventions specifically designed to modulate the gut microbiome for the prevention and management of MetS. We analyze how distinct dietary patterns, from Mediterranean and high-fiber diets to those rich in polyphenols, reshape microbial composition and function, leading to altered production of key metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids. The mechanistic discussion focuses on how these microbial shifts influence gut barrier integrity, systemic inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. We evaluate the clinical evidence for specific microbiome-targeted tools, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and fermentable fiber supplementation. Furthermore, the review addresses the concept of personalized nutrition, where inter-individual variability in baseline microbiome and host factors dictates differential responses to dietary interventions. We conclude that sustained, high-quality dietary patterns favoring microbial diversity and SCFA production are fundamental for durable metabolic benefits. While promising, translating microbiome science into clinical practice requires a deeper understanding of individual microbial ecology and standardized intervention frameworks.

کلیدواژه ها:

Metabolic syndrome ، Gut microbiome ، Dietary intervention ، Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) ، Prebiotics ، Probiotics