The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers in Pulmonary Diseases: From Diagnosis to Personalized Management

The integration of biomarkers into pulmonary medicine represents a paradigm shift toward precision-based care. These molecular, cellular, and physiological indicators are transforming the management of diverse respiratory conditions by enabling earlier diagnosis, accurate phenotypic stratification, and personalized therapeutic interventions. In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), biomarkers such as blood eosinophils and fibrinogen guide anti-inflammatory therapy and predict exacerbation risk. For pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, acute-phase reactants including C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase facilitate rapid severity assessment and therapeutic stratification. Differentiating granulomatous interstitial lung diseases, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Sarcoidosis, relies heavily on immunological biomarkers, particularly bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte profiles. In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), novel biomarkers linked to pathogenic pathways such as ferroptosis offer promising diagnostic and prognostic insights. This review synthesizes current evidence on the application of these biomarkers, emphasizing their clinical utility and future potential in optimizing patient-specific management strategies across the spectrum of pulmonary diseases.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biomarkers ، Pulmonary Disease ، Mycoplasma pneumoniae ، Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ، Sarcoidosis ، Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis