Analyzing the Role of Blockchain Technology in Improving Transparency and Traceability of the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain and Reducing Counterfeit Drugs in Iran

The pharmaceutical industry, a critical pillar of public health, faces severe operational challenges, including the infiltration of counterfeit drugs, poor traceability, and a lack of supply chain transparency. These vulnerabilities threaten patient safety and inflict massive global economic losses. Focusing on the Islamic Republic of Iran, this study comprehensively investigates the capacity of blockchain technology to enhance transparency, optimize traceability, and reduce the prevalence of counterfeit medications. Employing an applied-analytical methodology, the study integrates a systematic literature review, comparative analysis of global models, and a localized cost-benefit evaluation. Current national tracking systems, specifically TTAC and IRC, were critically assessed to highlight architectural limitations such as single points of failure. The findings propose a hybrid public-private blockchain architecture embedded within a national consortium framework, leveraging Hyperledger Fabric and GS۱ standards. Economic calculations reveal that implementing this decentralized infrastructure can generate significant annual operational savings, achieving a rapid return on investment. The study concludes that a phased blockchain integration will fundamentally secure drug authenticity and establish a resilient healthcare ecosystem.

کلیدواژه ها:

Blockchain ، Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ، Counterfeit Drug ، Transparency ، Traceability ، Smart Contract