psychological study of citizen behavior during emergency evacuation of buildings and providing solutions for improving crisis management

emergency evacuation of buildings during fires, earthquakes, or other hazards depends not only on building design and warning systems but also on human behavior. panic, social attachment, role following, and familiarity with exits significantly influence evacuation speed and survival rates. this study analyzes the psychological factors affecting citizen behavior during emergency evacuation in shiraz, focusing on high rise residential and commercial buildings. using a mixed method approach including a survey of ۵۰۰ residents, behavioral observation in two simulated evacuation drills, and semi structured interviews with ۱۵ fire department and crisis management officials, the research tests three hypotheses: (۱) prior training and familiarity with evacuation routes reduce evacuation time by ۴۰ ۶۰%, (۲) social attachment (e.g., searching for family members) is the primary cause of evacuation delay, accounting for ۳۵% of lost time, and (۳) authoritative voice instructions (firefighter commands) are more effective than recorded alarms in reducing panic. findings show that only ۲۲% of residents have ever participated in an evacuation drill. mean self reported evacuation time for a ۱۰ floor building is ۸.۵ minutes, far exceeding the ۲ minute safe window for fire suppression. social attachment delays average ۳.۲ minutes. the research recommends mandatory bi annual drills, clear signage, and real time voice communication systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

emergency evacuation ، citizen behavior ، psychological factors ، building safety ، shiraz