Vitamin D and Exercise Effects on Glycemic Control and Vitamin D Status

Background: Vitamin D and exercise are recognized as important factors in glycemic regulation, yet their combined effects in adults with metabolic disorders have not been sufficiently explored. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation and exercise, alone and in combination, on glycemic control and circulating ۲۵(OH)D levels in adults with metabolic disorders. Methods: This study followed PRISMA guidelines. SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched up to August ۲۰۲۵ for randomized controlled trials evaluating vitamin D supplementation with or without exercise in adults with metabolic disorders. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB ۲.۰, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. A random-effects model was applied using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version ۳). Results: Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included. Combined vitamin D supplementation and exercise significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (WMD-۱۶.۵۹ mg/dL), fasting insulin (-۱.۵۴ μU/mL), HbA۱c (-۰.۹۷%), and HOMA-IR (-۰.۹۸), while increasing serum vitamin D levels (۱۴.۳۹ ng/mL) compared with controls (all P < ۰.۰۵). Subgroup analyses showed improvements in glycemic markers in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise groups, whereas increases in vitamin D levels were more pronounced in the aerobic subgroup. Improvements in FBG, HOMA-IR, and vitamin D were observed after both ۸- and ۱۲-week interventions, while fasting insulin showed significant reduction mainly after ۸ weeks. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise appears more effective than either intervention alone in improving glycemic control and increasing circulating vitamin D levels in adults with metabolic disorders. However, further high-quality studies are required to confirm and strengthen these findings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vitamin D ، Exercise ، Glycemic Control ، Metabolic Disorders