Targeted therapy of NHL cancer

Lymphoma is the most common lymphoid malignancy and is among the ten most prevalent cancers worldwide. Lymphoma is a heterogeneous entity and includes Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). NHL accounts for ۸۰-۸۵% of lymphomas; B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) account for the majority (>۸۵%) of cases of NHL; the others are derived from T cells or natural killer cells. NHL is frequently categorized by prognosis into slow-progressing or indolent NHL (iNHL) or fast-progressing or aggressive NHL (aNHL). Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) are the most common indolent and aggressive subtypes, respectively, and account for around one-fifth and one-third of NHL cases each. B-cell NHLs (B-NHLs) expressing CD۲۰ or CD۱۹, T-cell NHLs (T-NHLs) expressing CD۳, CD۴, or CD۸, and natural killer (NK)/T-cell NHLs expressing CD۵۶. Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow, divide, and spread. It is the foundation of precision medicine. As researchers learn more about the DNA changes and proteins that drive cancer, they are better able to design treatments that target these proteins. Chemotherapy is the standard of care for lymphoma patients, but today, more targeted therapy is favored by doctors and scientific communities. Over the last ۲۰ years, new drug therapies for lymphomas of B cells and T cells have expanded considerably. Targeted therapies for B-cell lymphomas include: (۱) Monoclonal antibodies directed at the CD۲۰ lymphocyte antigen, examples of which are Rituximab, Ofatumumab, and Obinutuzumab. Monoclonal antibodies directed at the CD۳۰ lymphocyte antigen, examples of which are Brentuximab vedotin, and directed at the CD۷۹ lymphocyte antigen, examples of which are Polatuzumab vedotin. (۲) Gene transfer therapy, an example of which is chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy directed at the CD۱۹ antigen on the cell surface of both immature and mature B-cells. (۳) Small-molecule inhibitors are categorized as BTK inhibitors like Ibrutinib, Acalabrutinib, Zanubrutinib, and proteasome inhibitors and PI۳K inhibitors like Idealisib, mTOR inhibitors like rapamycin, and dual SYK/JAK inhibitors like Cerdulatinib. In the following, we will conduct a comprehensive and thorough examination of targeted therapies in NHL.

کلیدواژه ها:

NHL ، cancer ، Target therapy ، Monoclonal Antibodies