Expression alteration and function of lncRNAs in brain CNS cancer

The prevalence of brain cancer presents a significant global challenge due to inadequate diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, central nervous system (CNS) tumors pose a significant threat to life, especially in childhood. The intricate nature of the nervous system, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), poses substantial hurdles for addressing brain cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as non-protein-coding transcriptomes are longer than ۲۰۰ nucleotides, play vital roles in cellular homeostasis, gene expression regulation, nuclear signal transmission, and tissue modulation. Methods: This review was conducted by search of English and Persian databases (Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and SID) with the following MeSH terms: "Brain cancer", "Long non-coding RNA", “CNS tumor” and “Gene therapy " up to ۲۰۲۴. Results: Given the significant influence of lncRNAs on cellular activities, it is apparent that their abnormal expression is associated with the development of various cancers, particularly those affecting the nervous system. The essential involvement of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and cancer progression underscores their potential impact on brain tumors such as gliomas and medulloblastomas. Notably, lncRNAs like LINC۰۱۵۷۹ and lncRNA FOXD-AS۱ are implicated in the cell cycle and apoptosis pathways, disrupting normal cell growth when their expression is dysregulated. Furthermore, lncRNA H۱۹ and lncRNA POU۳F۳ are involved in angiogenesis, while lncRNA CASC۲c plays a key role in preventing cancer cells from evading the immune system. Linc۰۰۶۴۵ is one of the lncRNAs implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading to the acquisition of metastatic property by cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study emphasizes the potential role of lncRNAs in the advancement of brain tumors and their critical significance as an effective therapeutic approach for combatting these formidable malignancies. For example, the use of high-throughput screening to identify dysregulated lncRNAs and utilizing them as biomarkers in personalized medicine development, focusing on lncRNAs involved in cell death or the survival of CNS tumors and also their concurrent use with traditional treatments as sensitizers offers promising approaches for treating brain cancer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Brain cancer ، long non-coding RNA ، CNS tumor ، Gene therapy