Therapeutic approaches of cell therapy based on stem cells and terminally differentiated cells: Potential and effectiveness

Cell-based therapy, hailed as a beacon of hope in regenerative medicine, offers promising avenues for treating a myriad of diseases and conditions. It encompasses the utilization of two primary cell types: stem cells and fully differentiated cells. Stem cells, the cornerstone of regenerative medicine, possess remarkable abilities to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. There are four main categories of stem cells based on their potency and differentiation potential: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. Totipotent stem cells hold the extraordinary capability to give rise to all somatic cells as well as perinatal tissues. Pluripotent stem cells, on the other hand, can differentiate into all somatic cells, providing a versatile tool for therapeutic interventions. Multipotent stem cells exhibit a narrower but still significant differentiation potential, capable of producing various types of cells within specific lineages. Unipotent stem cells, though limited to generating a particular cell type, still hold considerable promise for targeted therapies. In the realm of cell therapy, non-totipotent stem cells are the primary focus, drawing from their potency and disease-specific applications. These cells serve as the foundation for regenerative strategies, offering tailored solutions to diverse medical challenges. Additionally, adult fully differentiated cells emerge as another vital player in cell therapy. Isolated from adult tissues or derived through the differentiation of stem cells, these specialized cells can be transplanted back into patients to replenish damaged or dysfunctional tissues, fostering repair and enhancing organ function. The advancement of biological and medical sciences has catalyzed the development of various techniques to procure efficient cells for therapeutic endeavors. These techniques encompass a spectrum of methodologies, including cell isolation, expansion, and manipulation, each tailored to optimize cell viability, functionality, and therapeutic efficacy. In this comprehensive review, the potential and opportunities presented by both stem cells and fully differentiated cells in cell-based therapy are thoroughly explored. By elucidating the unique characteristics and applications of each cell type, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the evolving landscape of regenerative medicine and pave the way for transformative therapeutic interventions.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cell-based therapy ، Fully/completely differentiated cells ، Regenerative medicine ، Stem cells