Expression alteration and function of long non-coding RNAs in corpus uteri Cancer

The corpus uteri or the uterine body is of great significance in the functioning of female reproductive physiology. Like many other hormone-responsive organs, it is also subjected to cyclic changes based on hormonal variations which increase the susceptibility of this organ for several diseases. A few studies have denoted that subtle movements are detectable in the working of those non-coding RNAs that are longer than ۲۰۰ nucleotides. LncRNAs are more than ۲۰۰ nucleotides non-collinear RNA molecules that do not code proteins and regulate cellular gene expression. This review provides an overview of the lncRNA expression and functions, specifically, the uterus corpus, which is a receptor for embryos, the menstrual circulation organs, and the embryonic sustaining attaches, and the development of uterine pathologies as well as lncRNAs in its genesis. Methods: A literature search was done in a systematic manner using several databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using terms such as “long non-coding RNAs”, “corpus uteri” ‘endometrial cancer’ and ‘expression alteration’. For this review, only those papers published between ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۴ were eligible if they were published about the lncRNA expression pattern or functional studies within the corpus uteri. Such data included lncRNAs types, expression profiles, lncRNAs biological functions, and lncRNA-related pathways. Results: Expression Patterns of lncRNAs ۱. Normal Physiology: • LncRNAs such as H۱۹, NEAT۱, and MALAT۱ have been shown to exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns in the corpus uteri. For instance, NEAT۱ is significantly upregulated during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, suggesting a role in endometrial receptivity. ۲. Pathological Conditions: • In endometrial carcinoma, several lncRNAs are differentially expressed compared to normal tissues. Notably, FRMD۶-AS۲ has been identified as a tumor suppressor lncRNA that inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR and UCA۱ have been implicated in promoting tumorigenesis through mechanisms involving miRNA sponging and modulation of signaling pathways. Functional Roles of lncRNAs ۱. Gene Regulation: • LncRNAs function through various mechanisms including chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and acting as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). For example, lncRNAs can recruit chromatin-modifying complexes to specific genomic loci, influencing the transcriptional landscape of target genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. ۲. Cellular Processes: • LncRNAs are involved in critical cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. They modulate these processes by interacting with proteins and other RNA molecules to form regulatory networks that impact uterine health. ۳. Biomarker Potential: • The differential expression of specific lncRNAs has been proposed as potential biomarkers for diagnosing endometrial cancer. A study identified a panel of seven lncRNAs with high diagnostic value for uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), demonstrating an area under the curve (AUC) of ۰.۹۴۱. Conclusion: This systematic review highlights the critical role of long non-coding RNAs in regulating gene expression within the corpus uteri. Understanding their expression alterations and functional implications is essential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for uterine disorders. Future research should focus on elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs exert their effects and exploring their potential applications in personalized medicine.

کلیدواژه ها:

Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ، Corpus uteri ، Endometrial cancer ، Gene regulation ، Biomarkers