Molecular Diagnosis Of Ovary Cancer

Introduction:In recent years, significant focus has been directed towards the advancement of cancer diagnostic methodologies. Medical professionals and researchers are diligently working to detect cancer in its early stages. Notably, among the contemporary diagnostic approaches for cancer, biomarkers play a pivotal role. In the case of ovarian cancer, genetic-based biomarkers are utilized to identify gene mutations, particularly in genes such as BRCA۱ and BRCA۲, prevalent in the ovary and fallopian tubes tube. Additionally, protein-based biomarkers, notably CA۱۲۵(Cancer Antigen ۱۲۵), are employed as primary tools for diagnosing ovarian cancer. However, the exclusive use of this biomarker may be insufficient. In some cases, the combined use of several biomarkers is imperative to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and efficiency. Recent advancements in this realm include the use of ctDNA, circular RNA, and non-coding RNAs, which have proved to be highly beneficial. Methods:The information presented in this article is derived from rigorous study and original research articles, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews obtained from reputable databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, and Wiley within the timeframe of ۲۰۰۰ to ۲۰۲۴. Result:HE۴ serves as a differentiating factor between malignant and benign masses and, when combined with CA۱۲۵, offers increased diagnostic efficacy in detecting pelvic tumors, malignancies, and endometriosis. microRNAs play a significant role in regulating the migration, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells, with their quantities varying throughout tumor genesis. These biomarkers can assume both oncogene and tumor suppressor roles, thereby influencing cancer development and associated pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, STAT۳ and STAT۵, and other pathways, leading to substantial angiogenesis and metastasis.Moreover, the expression levels of miR-۲۱,miR-۲۹a,miR-۹۲,miR-۹۳, and miR-۱۲۶ are elevated in cancer, whereas miR-۱۲۷ and miR-۱۵۵ exhibit reduced expression. Furthermore, mutations in tumor suppressor genes such as BRCA۱/۲, APC, OPCML, and H۱C۱ can contribute to heightened tumor cell activity. Conclusion:An effective biomarker must exhibit substantial diagnostic sensitivity and specificity while minimizing false positives and errors. Biomarkers, sourced from urine and blood, offer crucial insights into chemical and protein alterations within the body. Early detection of the disease is paramount as it not only increases the likelihood of patient survival but also facilitates treatment procedures.

کلیدواژه ها:

Biomarker ، Ovary Cancer ، Diagnosis ، microRNAs