Nanobiosensors for real-time monitoring of microbial biomarkers in environmental andclinical samples

The rapid and accurate detection of microbial biomarkers is crucial for environmentalmonitoring, clinical diagnostics, and food safety applications. This review article explores thedevelopment of nanoscale bioassay platforms that leverage the unique properties ofnanomaterials, such as quantum dots, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, to create highlysensitive and selective nanobiosensors. These nanobiosensors integrate biological recognitionelements, including enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids, to enable the real-time monitoringof microbial biomarkers in various sample types, including water, soil, and clinical samples.The integration of nanomaterials with these biological recognition elements enhances thesensitivity, selectivity, and speed of detection, providing a powerful tool for a wide range ofapplications, from environmental pollution assessment to disease diagnosis and food qualitycontrol.

کلیدواژه ها:

Nanobiosensors ، Microbial biomarkers ، Environmental monitoring ، Clinicaldiagnostics ، Food safety ، Nanomaterials ، Biological recognition elements.