The potential and significance of microRNAsas powerful biomarkers in prostate cancer

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commoncause of cancer-related mortality among men in the developedworld. Like other cancers, the accumulation of geneticand epigenetic changes in prostate cancer leads to inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of oncogenes. Shortnoncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) controlprotein expression through the degradation of RNA or the inhibitionof protein translation. The miRNAs influence a widerange of biologic processes and are often deregulated in cancer.This family of small RNAs constitutes potentially valuablemarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic choicesin PCa patients, as well as potential drugs (miRNA mimics) ordrug targets (anti-miRNAs) in PCa management.Materials and Methods: In this review article, ۴۵ valid articlesfrom PubMed and Google Scholar databases were usedand the best articles were selected. Search keywords includePCa, miRNA, biomarkers. This is a review article on miRNAsas biomarkers PCa.Results: The successful treatment of PCa strongly depends onclinical indicators (biomarkers) for early detection of the presenceand progression of the disease, as well as the prognosisafter clinical intervention. MiRNAs can be found in body fluidssuch as urine, plasma, semen, etc. It was found that one of itsfeatures is its availability and cheapness, which has made it abiomarker that can be used for diagnosis and prognosis in variouscases such as PCa.Conclusion: Today's The miRNAs are important regulatorsof biologic processes in PCa progression, and these new highspecificityPCa biomarkers will be crucial for the developmentof reliable clinical indicators. In the human body, there are varioustypes of coding and non-coding RNAs, and MiRNAs arecurrently the most important in this case, and this makes themsuperior in diagnosis and treatment, for this reason, Furtherstudies, based on common clinical parameters and guidelines,are necessary to validate the translational potential of miRNAsin PCa clinical management. Such common signatures arepromising in the field and emerge as potential biomarkers.

کلیدواژه ها:

Prostate cancer ، miRNA ، Diagnosis ، biomarkers