Designing a multi-epitope chimeric vaccineagainst Glioblastoma Multiforme via advanced Immunoinformaticsand AI techniques

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressivecancer that affects the brain and central nervous system.It is the most common primary tumor that makes up almosthalf of all malignant cases. Sadly, patients with GBM typicallysurvive for only ۱۲ to ۱۸ months. There is evidence that peoplewith allergies and high IgE levels have lower glioma risk,and recent studies suggest that HCMV and lncRNAs may alsoplay a vital role in GBM. In this article, we aim to create amulti-epitope vaccine using computational reverse vaccinologyagainst HCMV and lncRNAs that are risk factors for GBM tosteer the immune response towards Th۲ for preventive or therapeuticpurposes.Materials and Methods: The process involved utilizing bioinformaticsonline tools to detect target epitopes and make predictionsregarding MHC-۱, MHC-۲, and CTL epitopes. Theseepitopes were linked with TAT peptide, adjuvant, and IL-۱۰ tocreate a vaccine sequence. The ۳D structure was constructedand refined using a MODELLER and Ramachandran plot, respectively.the vaccine was docked with TLR۴, and the complexwas subjected to a molecular dynamics (MD) simulationusing GROMACS. In addition, used the C-ImmSim server togenerate an immune response to the chimeric vaccine. Lastly,the allergenicity, solubility, and antigenicity of the vaccine werepredicted.Results: The model was found stable with an ERRAT result of over ۸۰%. Most residues were in a good position according tothe Ramachandran plot. MD simulations showed the vaccine-TLR۴ combination was stable. Allergenicity, antigenicity, andsolubility results were satisfactory. The immune response simulationsshowed positive reactions from both innate and adaptivesystems.Conclusion: We created a successful vaccine for GBM usingImmunoinformatics. It is valuable and efficient because it coversimportant risk factors and can aid in real-world experiments.The computer simulations produced useful results for futureGBM vaccine development.

کلیدواژه ها:

Glioblastoma multiforme ، risk factor ، chimeric vaccine ، Immunoinformatics ، bioinformatis