Waterpipe smoking and risk of lung, bladder, and head and neck cancers:results from IROPICAN study in Iran

Background:Limited data exist for the association between waterpipe tobacco smoking (WPS)and health outcomes, including cancer. We conducted a large case-control study in Iran(IROPICAN) to evaluate the association between WPS and the risk of cancers, including lung(LC), colorectal (CRC), bladder (BC), and head and neck cancers (HNC).Methods:We recruited ۷۴۰ LC, ۹۱۴ CRC, ۷۱۷ BC, ۹۱۸ HNC patients, and ۳۴۷۷ controls. Afterexcluding opium users and cigarette smokers, ۲۲۳ LC, ۶۲۹ CRC, ۲۱۵ BC, ۳۱۳ HNC cases, and۲۱۴۵ controls remained to study the association between exclusive WPS and cancer risk. We usedmultivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender, place of residence, andsocioeconomic status (SES).amounts of WPS, including smoking≥۱۴ heads per week[LC:(OR=۳.۱, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۸, ۵.۵)], [BC: (OR=۲.۲, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۲, ۴. ۱)], [HNC: (OR: ۲.۱, ۹۵% CI:۱.۱, ۳.۸)], however, there was no association between CRC and high amount of WPS. In addition,risk of cancer among individuals who started WPS at an earlier age (≤ ۲۰ years) was increased,[LC:(OR=۴.۱, ۹۵% CI: ۲.۰, ۸.۵)], [BC: (OR=۲.۷, ۹۵% CI: ۱.۱, ۶.۷)], [HNC: (OR: ۳.۱, ۹۵% CI:۱.۴, ۶.۹)]Conclusion:WPS is associated with a higher risk of LC, BC, and HNC, particularly among peoplewho don’t also use opium or cigarettes. Additional studies with higher case numbers are needed toreplicate and extend our findings.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cancer ، Lung ، Bladder ، Waterpipe Smoking ، Risk Factors