Psc-associated mirnas can enhance reprogramming of colorectal cancer cells

Althogh cancer is a genetic disease ,reversible epigenetic alterations are involved in its initiation and progression. DNA methylation is the canonical epigenetic mark and hypermethylation of CpG islandsof tumor suppressor genes, results in many cancer hallmarks. Repression of the somatic program and re-expression of pluripotency specific genes through epigenetic modifications called reprogrammingthat through this process the loss and re-establishment of epigenetic markers of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes accure. first experimental evidence of tumor reversibility was described in specificcancer cells by nuclear transfer ( SCNT), showed certain cancer cells are reprogrammed to pluripotency and the cancer genome can be suppressed during the pre-implantation blastocyst stage . Considering the ethical issues and the immunological compatibility that occurs in case of SCNT method ,was reported by Yamanaka, that complete reprogramming can be achieved by introducing defined biological factors that known as OSKM.also were reported introduction of OSKM in cancer cells of gastrointestinal tissues, suppress cancer invasion , drug resistance and tumorigenicity through reactivation of the tumor suppressor p16INK4A pathway by demethylation of the promoter sequence.there are body of evidence that miRNAs play crucial role in pluripotency during Embryonic development and they regulate epigenetic state of PSCs. miRNA profiling of hPSCs showed several miRNA families are upregulated specifically in hPSCs compared to mature differentiated cell types..it was shown thease special miRNAs can enhance reprogramming by fine-tuning many important signaling. They modulate EMT, cell cycle checkpoints and regulatory enzymes involved in epigenetics that all are involved in cancer progression and they also upregulate NANOG, OCT3/4 and SOX2.in several studies combination of miR-200c plus miR-302 s and miR-369 transfection to colon cancer cells were investigated.it showed miR-302s and miR-369s also miR-200 family play a role as tumor suppressor miRs and influence cancer reprogramming, reversion of EMT, inhibition of the Cyclins/Cdks, cancer cell migration, suppression of cell growth and apoptosis and lead to sensitization to 5-FU. So reprogramming by microRNAs may provide new solutions for cancer therapies. Keywords: Colon Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Stem Cells and Cancer, Cancer Genetics, Cancer Treatment and Management

کلیدواژه ها:

Colon Cancer ، Colorectal Cancer ، Stem Cells and Cancer ، Cancer Genetics ، Cancer Treatment and Management