Epigenetic and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) with Special Reference in Iranian Population

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common lethal tumor in theworld, and it is one of the most common malignancies in Iran. most of patients die of poorprognosis, therefore, the purpose of current challenges in esophageal cancer research is toobtain a better understanding of the underlying molecular alterations to establish thestrategies for high-risk subject screening and early diagnosis. Epigenetic events, heritablechanges in gene function, are composed of histone acetylation, the chromatin structure andDNA methylation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that specific epigenetic alterations areimportant features of cancer development.Methylation of DNA seemstobe the most importantmechanism forepigenetic changes.Hypermethylation of some genepromoterlike P16, GATA-4 and GATA-5, XAF1, MLH1, MGMT and CG region in promoter of E-cadherin, DDIT3, FES,FLT3, NTRK3, SEPT5, SEPT9,SOX1, and SOX17, is common mechanism for theinactivation of these genes in ESCC. Other mechanisms are over expression of BRG1, andhypoacetylation of H3 and H4,Hypermethylation ofH3K4 and H3K27 in ESCC tissues.Hypermethylation of histoneH4 has been observed in the early stage of tumor, indicating thatabnormal histone modifications play important roles in the developmentof the ESCC.Severalstudies have investigated whether natural products were able to demethylated and reactivatep16 Hypermethylation in a wide variety of cancer cell line like epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG). In this review, we listed some biomarkers of epigenetic deficiencies in humanesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in order to high risk subjects screening and earlydiagnosis as well as present some of natural products which have a therapy effects onhuman esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

کلیدواژه ها:

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ، Epigenetic ، P16 Hypermethlation ، Nature Product ، Histon Hypermethlation