Review of the evolution of accounting standards and their impact on global financial reporting

Contemporary global challenges climate change, pandemics, economic volatility, and technological upheaval increasingly defy solution through traditional discipline-bound approaches. This review examines "convergence" as a unifying paradigm across three distinct domains: scientific transdisciplinary research, global accounting harmonization, and mathematical I-convergence. Despite surface differences, all three manifestations share a common epistemological core: dismantling artificial boundaries to enhance understanding, efficiency, and problem-solving capacity. In the natural sciences, convergence integrates diverse methodologies to tackle grand challenges like sustainable energy and personalized medicine. In financial regulation, it drives the harmonization of international reporting standards (IFRS) to facilitate global market integration. In mathematics, I-convergence offers a rigorous generalization of classical sequence limits, extending analytical tools in abstract spaces. Through synthesis of key studies across these fields, this paper demonstrates that successful convergence depends on adaptive governance, incentive alignment, institutional flexibility, and sustained international cooperation. Critically, implementation and enforcement mechanisms prove as vital as formal standards themselves. By identifying shared challenges and domain-specific barriers, this review provides a holistic framework for understanding convergence's transformative potential. The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, academic leaders, and researchers aiming to foster innovation in an interconnected world, emphasizing that convergence is not merely a technical or regulatory exercise but a fundamental shift in how knowledge is organized and applied.

کلیدواژه ها:

Convergence ، Transdisciplinary Research ، Accounting Harmonization ، IFRS ، I- Convergence ، Global Financial Reporting ، Institutional Theory ، Financial Regulation ، Scientific Integration ، Mathematical Analysis ، Accounting ، Enforcement Mechanisms