Artificial Intelligence–Supported Pronunciation Instruction in ESL/EFL Contexts: A Critical Review of Recent Research

The fast-paced development of artificial intelligence (AI) has radically changed pronunciation instruction by introducing intelligent tools capable of providing personalized feedback, continuous practice, and interactive learning opportunities for English language learners. As AI-supported technologies become increasingly integrated into ESL/EFL instruction, their educational value requires careful examination. The present review critically analyzes recent studies (۲۰۲۴-۲۰۲۶) on AI-supported pronunciation teaching and focuses on automatic speech recognition (ASR), machine learning-based assessment, and generative AI. Recent studies suggest that these technologies can support pronunciation development by promoting learner autonomy, increasing practice opportunities, and enhancing motivation. However, the existing evidence also points to several unresolved issues, including algorithmic bias, unequal recognition of different accents, a continued emphasis on segmental features, and methodological limitations across many empirical studies. The review also argues that AI is most effective as a complement to teacher-guided instruction. While the potential of AI for pronunciation teaching is significant, stronger evidence from more rigorous and longitudinal studies is still needed. Future research should pay greater attention to suprasegmental features, equitable AI systems, and classroom-based implementation. Finally, the review offers a balanced perspective on both the strengths and the limitations of AI-supported pronunciation instruction in ESL/EFL contexts.

کلیدواژه ها:

Artificial intelligence ، pronunciation instruction ، automatic speech recognition ، generative AI ، computer-assisted pronunciation training