Prevalence and Risk Assessment of Zoonotic Parasites in Edible Fish Marketed in Shiraz, Iran

Background: Fish is one of the most important protein sources worldwide; however, zoonotic parasites transmitted through raw or undercooked fish pose serious public health risks. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of zoonotic parasites in edible fish marketed in Shiraz, Iran, and assess the risk of transmission to humans based on consumption patterns. Methods: A total of ۱۰۰ fish samples were collected from ۱۰ major fish markets in Shiraz. Samples were examined using microscopic, flotation, staining, and histopathological techniques. A structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate fish consumption behaviors. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Overall, ۳۵% of fish were infected with at least one zoonotic parasite. The most prevalent species were Giardia lamblia (۱۵%), Diphyllobothrium latum (۹%), and Anisakis simplex (۶%). Consumption survey revealed that ۵۲% of participants consumed raw or undercooked fish. Logistic regression showed that the risk of infection in this group was ۳.۵ times higher than those consuming fully cooked fish (p < ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites highlights the urgent need for improved public awareness, strict hygienic controls in fish markets, and promotion of safe cooking practices.

کلیدواژه ها:

Zoonotic parasites ، Edible fish ، Risk assessment ، Shiraz ، Anisakis ، Diphyllobothrium ، Giardia