Histological Evaluation of Aloe Vera Extract on Accelerating Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration in Laboratory Mice

Background: Wound healing is a complex physiological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling of tissue. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller), known for its bioactive compounds like polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and anthraquinones, has been used traditionally to aid in wound healing. This study aims to evaluate the histological effects of Aloe Vera extract on wound healing and tissue regeneration in laboratory mice. Materials and Methods: A full-thickness wound model was created on the dorsal skin of male Albino rats. The animals were divided into two groups: one treated with topical Aloe Vera extract and the other with a placebo. Histological analysis was performed at three different time points (days ۳, ۷, and ۱۴ post-injury) using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining to assess general tissue morphology, Masson's Trichrome staining for collagen deposition, and immunohistochemistry to analyze markers of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. Results: Aloe Vera-treated wounds exhibited significant improvements in healing compared to the control group. On day ۳, the treated wounds showed a reduction in the inflammatory response, with fewer neutrophils and an increase in macrophage activity, which is critical for wound debridement and early healing. By day ۷, Aloe Vera treatment led to increased collagen deposition, enhanced epithelialization, and well-formed granulation tissue. On day ۱۴, treated wounds displayed more organized collagen fibers, a reduction in scar tissue formation, and enhanced angiogenesis, as evidenced by higher expression of VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor). Conclusion: Aloe Vera extract significantly accelerated the healing process by promoting fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and vascularization, ultimately improving tissue regeneration and scar remodeling. These findings suggest that Aloe Vera extract could be a promising therapeutic agent for wound healing, with potential applications in clinical wound care.

کلیدواژه ها:

Aloe Vera ، wound healing ، histology ، tissue regeneration ، angiogenesis