Epidemiological Study of Mortality Rates in Animals During and After Surgery at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon Branch (۱۳۷۹-۱۴۰۴) Analysis of Contributing Factors

This retrospective epidemiological study evaluated perioperative mortality rates and associated risk factors among animals undergoing surgical procedures at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon Branch, over a ۲۵-year period (۱۳۷۹-۱۴۰۴). A total of ۲,۸۰۰ surgical records involving companion and large animals were reviewed to determine mortality occurring during surgery or within ۳۰ days postoperatively. Surgical mortality was defined as death during anesthesia or surgery, or death within the postoperative period directly attributable to surgical or anesthetic complications. Overall, ۱۱۸ deaths were recorded, yielding a surgical mortality rate of ۴.۲%. Statistical analyses revealed that mortality was significantly associated with multiple patient-related and procedure-related factors. Advanced age was a major determinant of poor surgical outcome, with geriatric animals (>۸ years) exhibiting substantially higher mortality rates compared with adult and juvenile patients. Species and breed also influenced outcomes, as equine patients and large-breed dogs showed increased mortality relative to small companion animals. The type and urgency of surgery played a critical role, with orthopedic and emergency abdominal procedures demonstrating the highest mortality rates.Logistic regression analysis identified advanced age, presence of pre-existing systemic disease, and emergency or complex surgical procedures as independent predictors of mortality. Hemorrhage, postoperative infection, and anesthetic complications were the most common causes of death. The findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of perioperative risk in veterinary surgery.In conclusion, improved preoperative risk assessment, optimized anesthetic management, and vigilant postoperative monitoring are essential for reducing surgical mortality. These results provide valuable epidemiological data to guide evidence-based clinical decision-making and highlight the need for refined, species-specific protocols, particularly for high-risk patients in veterinary teaching hospitals.

کلیدواژه ها:

Mortality ، Veterinary Surgery ، Epidemiology ، Surgical Complications ، Anesthesia Management ، Post-operative Care ، Risk Assessment