The Roles of Long Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases

Although immune responses are fundamental to pathogen clearance and tissue homeostasis, their dysregulation precipitates the onset of autoimmune diseases (ADs), which are defined by the pathological targeting of host tissues. Despite significant progress in the mapping of genetic susceptibility loci, effective curative interventions remain limited, leaving clinical management focused predominantly on symptom mitigation. Recent investigations have underscored the critical influence of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs)—specifically long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs)—in the modulation of gene expression and immune homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory functions of ncRNAs within innate and adaptive immune frameworks, as well as their role in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, we evaluate the distinct expression profiles and pathogenic contributions of lncRNAs across a spectrum of autoimmune pathologies, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type ۱ diabetes mellitus (T۱DM), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), psoriasis, polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), and Crohn’s disease (CD), while assessing their clinical utility as emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

کلیدواژه ها:

noncoding RNAs ، systemic lupus erythematosus ، multiple sclerosis ، psoriasis ، rheumatoid arthritis