Geochemical Effects of Vehicle Pollutants on Urban Soil and Urban Crust

Vehicle-related pollutants—including exhaust emissions, brake and tire wear particles, and resuspended road dust—are major contributors to heavy metal accumulation and geochemical alteration of urban soils and surface crusts. These pollutants introduce toxic metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Cr, alongside polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and fine particulate matter. This article reviews the geochemical pathways, accumulation mechanisms, soil and crust impacts, and environmental consequences of such pollutants, and discusses modern geochemical indicators used to assess contamination levels. Recommendations for monitoring and mitigation are also provided.

کلیدواژه ها:

Vehicular pollutants ، Urban geochemistry ، Urban soil ، Heavy metals ، Urban crusts