HACCP in Farm Animal Production: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives

Background: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a preventive food safety system that identifies, evaluates, and controls hazards across the food chain. Its application in farm animal production is central to the "farm-to-fork" approach, ensuring consumer protection and addressing the global burden of foodborne diseases. Recently, HACCP has evolved beyond food safety to incorporate sustainability principles, giving rise to "Green HACCP." Methods: This review synthesizes recent literature on HACCP implementation in farm animal production systems, with emphasis on poultry, dairy, aquaculture, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) management. Sources were selected from peer-reviewed journals and international guidelines, focusing on advances, challenges, and integration with digital technologies. Results: Significant progress has been achieved in risk-based meat safety assurance systems for poultry, mastitis control in dairy herds, and HACCP-based oyster cold chain monitoring. Smart traceability systems using artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT are enhancing transparency and accountability across supply chains. However, challenges persist, including variability in farming systems, chemical residues, AMR, and the costs of implementation and training. Global harmonization of standards remains incomplete, and consumer education continues to be a weak link in food safety assurance. Conclusion: The future of HACCP in farm animal production lies in a holistic, integrated approach that combines traditional hazard control with sustainability, digital traceability, and innovative pathogen-control strategies such as bacteriophages. Strengthening harmonized standards, improving data-driven risk assessment, and empowering consumers are essential to ensure safe, sustainable, and resilient food systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

HACCP ، Food Safety ، Farm Animal Production ، Antimicrobial Resistance ، Smart Traceability ، Farm-to-Fork