High-Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation: Safety, Efficacy, and Clinical Applications

Background: High-intensity interval training has been extensively utilized in sports training, with well-documented effects on cardiorespiratory and muscular systems. These physiological benefits have prompted scientific investigation into its application in cardiovascular disease management. Patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and those at high cardiovascular risk represent populations that may particularly benefit from alternative exercise modalities that optimize adaptation while maintaining safety. Despite growing interest, comprehensive understanding of high-intensity interval training's safety profile, efficacy relative to moderate-intensity continuous exercise, and optimal application in cardiac rehabilitation settings requires further synthesis. Methods: This non-systematic review synthesizes evidence from the MEDLINE database examining the effects of high-intensity interval training in patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure, and metabolic syndrome. Basic science research, physiological investigations, and randomized or non-randomized interventional clinical trials published in English were selected. Safety outcomes, physiological adaptations, and clinical improvements were systematically evaluated. Results: High-intensity interval training appears safe and better tolerated by patients than moderate-intensity continuous exercise. It induces numerous short- and long-term central and peripheral adaptations, including substantial clinical improvements superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise in stable, selected patients. Beneficial effects on important prognostic factors include peak oxygen uptake, ventricular function, endothelial function, and quality of life. The interval format may enhance patient adherence to exercise training compared to continuous modalities. Safety has been demonstrated across various patient populations with appropriate screening and supervision. Conclusion: High-intensity interval training represents a safe and effective alternative for cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure, with potential to improve adherence to exercise programs. Larger randomized interventional studies are necessary to refine indications across different populations, optimize prescription parameters, and establish long-term clinical outcomes. Future research should investigate implementation strategies in diverse healthcare settings and patient subgroups.

کلیدواژه ها:

High-intensity interval training ، Cardiac rehabilitation ، Coronary artery disease ، Heart failure ، Exercise prescription ، Cardiovascular disease