The Effect of Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer-Related Lymphedema

Background: Cancer‑related lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid, leading to swelling, discomfort, and functional limitations in affected limbs. It most commonly occurs after cancer treatments such as lymph node dissection, radiation therapy, or surgery, particularly in breast, gynecological, and prostate cancers. Historically, individuals at risk for lymphedema were advised to avoid strenuous physical activity due to concerns about worsening symptoms. However, growing evidence suggests that structured exercise may be safe and potentially beneficial for both the prevention and management of cancer‑related lymphedema. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review of randomized controlled trials and clinical studies examining the effects of exercise interventions on the prevention and treatment of cancer‑related lymphedema. Relevant literature published between ۲۰۰۵ and ۲۰۲۵ was identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies included cancer survivors participating in structured exercise programs such as resistance training, aerobic exercise, flexibility training, or combined rehabilitation interventions. Primary outcomes included changes in limb volume, lymphedema severity, symptom burden, and functional capacity. Results: Evidence from the reviewed studies indicates that exercise interventions are generally safe for individuals at risk of or living with cancer‑related lymphedema when appropriately prescribed and monitored. Progressive resistance training, in particular, has been shown to improve muscular strength without increasing limb swelling. Aerobic exercise and combined training programs may also enhance physical function, reduce symptom severity, and improve quality of life. In some cases, exercise interventions have been associated with reduced lymphedema progression and improved lymphatic circulation. Conclusion: Exercise appears to be a safe and effective strategy for both preventing and managing cancer‑related lymphedema when implemented with appropriate progression and supervision. Incorporating structured exercise programs into cancer rehabilitation may help improve physical function and overall quality of life for cancer survivors. Further research is needed to identify optimal exercise prescriptions and long‑term outcomes for individuals with lymphedema.

کلیدواژه ها:

Cancer‑related Lymphedema ، Exercise ، Resistance Training ، Cancer Rehabilitation ، Physical Activity