Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Pressure in Healthy Postmenopausal Females

Background: Postmenopause is associated with physiological changes that may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, including elevated blood pressure and reduced vascular function. Hormonal alterations, particularly the decline in estrogen levels, can contribute to increased arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function. Regular physical exercise has been widely recommended as a non‑pharmacological strategy for maintaining cardiovascular health and controlling blood pressure. However, the effectiveness of exercise training in reducing blood pressure among healthy postmenopausal women remains an important area of investigation. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review of experimental and clinical studies examining the effects of exercise training on blood pressure in healthy postmenopausal women. Relevant literature published between ۲۰۰۵ and ۲۰۲۵ was identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies included postmenopausal women without major chronic diseases who participated in structured exercise interventions such as aerobic training, resistance training, or combined exercise programs. Primary outcomes included changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: Evidence from the reviewed studies suggests that regular exercise training can lead to meaningful reductions in resting blood pressure in healthy postmenopausal women. Aerobic exercise programs, including walking, cycling, and treadmill training, are frequently associated with moderate decreases in both SBP and DBP. Resistance training and combined exercise programs may also contribute to blood pressure improvements, although the magnitude of change may vary depending on training intensity, duration, and individual characteristics. Additionally, exercise interventions often lead to improvements in body composition, vascular function, and overall cardiovascular fitness. Conclusion: Exercise training appears to be an effective lifestyle intervention for improving blood pressure regulation in healthy postmenopausal women. Incorporating regular aerobic or combined exercise programs may help reduce cardiovascular risk and support long‑term health in this population. Future research should focus on identifying optimal exercise prescriptions and examining long‑term cardiovascular outcomes associated with exercise training in postmenopausal women.

کلیدواژه ها:

xercise Training ، Blood Pressure ، Postmenopause ، Cardiovascular Health ، Aerobic Exercise