Interventions for Improving Body Composition in Men with Prostate Cancer

Background: Prostate cancer and its treatments, particularly androgen deprivation therapy, are commonly associated with unfavorable changes in body composition, including increased fat mass, reduced lean body mass, and decreased muscle strength. These alterations may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, cancer‑related fatigue, reduced physical function, and poorer quality of life. Lifestyle and rehabilitation interventions, including exercise training, dietary modification, and combined behavioral programs, have been proposed as strategies to counteract treatment‑related body composition changes in men with prostate cancer. Methods: This study was conducted as a narrative review of clinical trials and intervention studies examining strategies for improving body composition in men with prostate cancer. Relevant studies published between ۲۰۰۵ and ۲۰۲۵ were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Eligible studies included men diagnosed with prostate cancer who participated in structured interventions such as resistance training, aerobic exercise, combined exercise programs, dietary counseling, protein supplementation, weight‑management programs, or multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions. Primary outcomes included changes in fat mass, lean body mass, body weight, waist circumference, and muscle strength. Results: Evidence from the reviewed literature suggests that structured lifestyle interventions can improve or preserve body composition in men with prostate cancer. Resistance training is particularly effective for maintaining or increasing lean body mass and muscle strength, while aerobic exercise may support reductions in fat mass and improvements in cardiometabolic health. Combined exercise programs often produce broader benefits by improving both muscular and cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary interventions, especially when combined with exercise, may enhance fat loss and support muscle maintenance. However, intervention effects vary according to treatment status, adherence, baseline fitness, nutritional intake, and program duration. Conclusion: Exercise‑ and nutrition‑based interventions appear to be beneficial for improving body composition in men with prostate cancer, especially those receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Integrating resistance training, aerobic exercise, and dietary support into prostate cancer care may help reduce treatment‑related metabolic and functional decline. Further research is needed to determine optimal intervention protocols and long‑term outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Prostate Cancer ، Body Composition ، Exercise Training ، Resistance Training ، Nutrition