A review of cancers with a review of systemic and pharmacological advances in cancer treatment

Cancer is one of the most important challenges for the health system worldwide and occurs with a multifactorial, multistage and very complex nature. This disease is the result of a disruption in the balance of proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death and can occur in any tissue of the body. The understanding of cancer mechanisms has increased significantly in recent decades with advances in genetics, cell biology and imaging. Cancer diagnosis methods have expanded from blood and biochemical tests to advanced imaging methods such as CT, MRI, PET, mammography and targeted biopsies, enabling early diagnosis, accurate staging and selection of appropriate treatment. Cancer treatment has also expanded in recent years from classical methods such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to more modern treatments such as immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, laser therapy and nano-based technologies. This article, while comprehensively reviewing the types of cancer, discusses the systemic and pharmacological methods of their treatment and, by analyzing the role of modern technologies, provides a clear picture of new trends in cancer management.

کلیدواژه ها:

cancer ، diagnostic methods ، systemic methods ، cancer drug therapy ، targeted therapy