Antimicrobial Resistance In Zoonotic Bacteria: Challenges And Integrated Solutions Within The One Health Framework

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern worldwide and is now recognized as a critical issue within the One Health framework. This phenomenon threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine and poses a serious risk to global health. The particular significance of AMR in zoonotic bacterial pathogens stems from the interconnected domains of human, animal, and environmental health, which play a role in the emergence, evolution, and spread of resistant microorganisms on local and global scales. The easy transmission of these pathogens between animals, humans, and the environment through direct contact, the food chain, and environmental contamination creates a complex cycle of resistance dissemination. The aim of this review article is to examine the existing challenges in managing AMR in zoonotic agents and to present integrated solutions to address them. The 'One Health' framework is employed as the analytical axis for this review, as this approach emphasizes the inseparable link between human, animal, and environmental health. The analysis of available information indicates that factors such as the overuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry, gaps in integrated surveillance systems, and environmental contamination with antibiotic residues and resistance genes are the main obstacles in controlling this crisis. The main conclusion is that containing this global crisis requires urgent, inter-sectoral, and sustained cooperation across all three domains of human, animal, and environmental health. No single-dimensional or siloed solution will be successful, and the only way forward is the adoption of a comprehensive and operational 'One Health' approach at national and international levels.

کلیدواژه ها:

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) ، Zoonotic Bacteria ، One Health ، Integrated Surveillance ، Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS)