Functional and Health-Promoting Properties of Edible Coatings Enriched with Cactus Fruit Pigments

Cactus fruit (Opuntia spp.) pigments, rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, betalains, vitamin C, and B-complex vitamins, have emerged as promising functional ingredients in edible coatings for food preservation and human health enhancement. The incorporation of these pigments not only imparts attractive coloration but also provides antioxidant, potent anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering effects. This review summarizes the nutritional profile of cactus fruit pigments, their mechanisms of action in oxidative stress reduction and metabolic regulation, as well as their role in promoting gastrointestinal and immune health. Additionally, the potential applications of cactus pigment-based coatings in prolonging shelf life, inhibiting microbial growth, and improving overall product quality are discussed. The synergistic benefits for functional food design and dietary interventions, particularly for individuals with type ۲ diabetes, are also highlighted.