Background and Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into various cell types. Recently, the use of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) has gained attention as a novel and accessible source for treating various diseases, including cancer, due to their numerous advantages. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that the application of suitable scaffolds can significantly enhance the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells. The present study aims to investigate the viability and adhesion of WJ-MSCs on a polylactic acid/wax (PLA/Wax) scaffold and its impact on the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cancer treatment.
Materials and Methods: The PLA/Wax scaffold was fabricated in a ۷:۳ ratio using an electrospinning technique. The adhesion and viability of the isolated cells on these scaffolds were assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the MTT assay. Complementary analyses, including immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were conducted alongside histopathological studies of bone marrow to evaluate the efficacy and density of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to investigate the therapeutic progression of leukemia. Results: The results from SEM studies indicated that the fibers were homogeneous, uniform, free of beads, and of high quality. Additionally, the incorporation of wax into the PLA significantly reduced the fiber diameter. These findings confirmed that the cells adhered in large numbers and exhibited appropriate dispersion on the scaffold, representing a breakthrough in the field of high-quality bone marrow transplantation and leukemia treatment. Furthermore, the MTT assay demonstrated satisfactory biocompatibility of the fabricated scaffold with the cells, showing a significant increase in the survival rate of MSCs throughout the observation period .
Conclusion: the use of the PLA/Wax scaffold enhances cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation. This approach may hold significant potential in the treatment of hematological malignancies through bone marrow transplantation, reduction of tissue inflammation, and modulation of differentiation in defective hematopoietic stem cells. The present study introduces a novel therapeutic strategy for blood cancer, utilizing the described methodology to advance treatment options in this critical area of medicine.
