Title: Exposure Risks Assessment of Benzene and Ethylbenzene at Gasoline Stations: Case Study from Hamadan, Iran

This study investigates the carcinogenic risk assessment of benzene and ethylbenzene exposure at three gas stations in Hamadan, Iran. Benzene and ethylbenzene are hazardous chemicals commonly found in gasoline vapors and their inhalation poses significant health risks. The primary objective of this research is to assess the potential health risks associated with exposure to these substances in urban environments, focusing on workers and residents.The cancer risk assessment was based on the carcinogenic properties of benzene.The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the environmental health risks associated with gasoline handling at service stations and provide insight into the measures needed to reduce exposures and mitigate potential health effects. The results will also assist in the development of local policies aimed at improving air quality and ensuring the safety of workers and nearby populations in urban areas. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of benzene and ethylbenzene concentrations at three gas stations in the city of Hamadan, revealing critical public health implications. The results indicate that all three stations have elevated levels of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with the Forough station having the highest concentrations and associated health risks for both benzene and ethylbenzene.