The Role of Personalized Medicine in Enhancing TIL Therapy for the Treatment of Melanoma

Melanoma, characterized by its high metastatic potential and resistance to conventional therapies, remains one of the most challenging types of skin cancer. In recent decades, immunotherapy, particularly Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) therapy—involving the fortification and reintroduction of T cells to combat cancer cells—has emerged as a leading strategy in the fight against this disease. However, responses to these therapies are highly variable, necessitating personalized approaches. Personalized medicine, by offering precise and targeted treatments based on each patient's genetic makeup, promises a transformative shift in melanoma treatment. Through meticulous analysis of tumor molecular profiles, the efficacy of TIL therapy can be significantly enhanced. Nevertheless, personalized medicine confronts challenges such as high costs, a shortage of skilled professionals, and a lack of global standards. This paper explores the convergence of these two approaches in melanoma treatment and emphasizes the importance of personalizing TIL therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This review article is based on existing studies from reputable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on relevant keywords in the realm of TIL therapy and melanoma between ۲۰۱۵ and ۲۰۲۴. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Results: Recent studies have demonstrated that TIL therapy, especially in patients resistant to standard treatments, yields promising results. In a meta-analysis conducted on patients with advanced melanoma, the overall survival (OS) rate was reported to be ۱۶.۸ months on average, and the complete response (CR) rate to treatment was approximately ۱۰%, indicating this method's ability to improve the condition of patients who have not responded to other treatments. Genetic and immunological analyses have revealed that patients with specific genetic characteristics, such as those with high tumor mutation burden (TMB), respond better to TIL therapy, confirming the significance of personalized medicine in optimizing treatment outcomes and reducing adverse effects. In addition to increasing survival and reducing the size of cancerous tumors, patients undergoing TIL therapy have reported a significant improvement in their quality of life. However, challenges such as high costs and the time-consuming nature of preparing T cells remain major obstacles to the widespread adoption of this approach. Conclusion: As an effective method in melanoma immunotherapy, TIL therapy exhibits high potential for improving treatment outcomes in melanoma patients, especially those who do not respond to standard treatments. Although challenges such as high costs and the complexity of the T cell production process exist, with recent advancements in biotechnology and increased knowledge in the fields of biomarkers and genetic analysis, TIL therapy is expected to emerge as a standard treatment option for melanoma in the near future.

کلیدواژه ها:

Melanoma Immunotherapy ، TIL Therapy ، Personalized Medicine ، Skin Cancer