Exploring the Alteration and Functional Roles of Small Non-Coding RNAs in Corpus Uteri Cancer

Cancer of the corpus uteri, commonly referred to as endometrial cancer, occurs at varying rates worldwide but is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries. Due to the early onset of symptoms, most tumors are confined to the uterus at the time of diagnosis. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and cellular processes in various types of cancer. Compared to normal tissue, altered sncRNA expression is often observed in uterine cancer. Specific miRNAs such as miR-۱۸۲, miR-۱۸۳, miR-۲۰۰a/b, miR-۲۰۵, and miR-۱۵۲ usually show dysregulated expression patterns that correlate with the patient's tumor grade, stage, and prognosis. These alterations can affect critical cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Functionally, sncRNAs modulate various signaling pathways in endometrial cancer, such as the PI۳K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Their stability in body fluids such as serum and urine makes them attractive candidates for non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Several studies have reported specific miRNA profiles that could predict disease recurrence and response to therapy. In parallel, several studies have shown that siRNA-mediated therapies can inhibit proliferation and apoptosis rates in cancer cells. For example, AXL siRNA was developed to specifically suppress the expression of AXL, a key molecule that causes uterine and ovarian cancer. However, it is important to point out that research on siRNA as a treatment for uterine cancer is still ongoing, and further studies are needed to determine its efficacy and safety. Overall, miRNAs have been highly noticed in the past few years and at least ۷۷۰ miRNAs (especially miR-۲۰۰ family) have been included in the study to analyze the potential biomarker of EC and the study of other sncRNAs can expand our knowledge of endometrial cancer biology and open new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic innovation.

کلیدواژه ها:

small non-coding RNA ، corpus uteri cancer ، biomarker ، signaling pathway