E۲F۳-related targets for retinoblastoma molecular therapy

With an average incidence of ۱ in every ۱۸,۰۰۰ live births, retinoblastoma is a rare type of intraocular tumor found to affect patients during their early childhood. Although there have been improvements in the management of metastatic retinoblastoma, most patients do not survive, and all patients suffer from multiple short- and long-term treatment toxicities. E۲F transcription factors can be activated by RB۱ loss of function and lead to uncontrolled cell division. Among E۲F family numbers, E۲F۳ is uniquely amplified in specific human tumors where its expression is inversely correlated with the survival of patients. Although E۲F۳ has been reported to be associated with RB, the specific role of E۲F۳ in RB needs further exploration. By identifying the gaps in current research, this review provides insights into potential strategies and candidates for addressing Rb targeted therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted among Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find studies related to XE۲F۳ axial factors incorporated in Retinoblastoma progression. Results: Alongside with advances in comprehension of retinoblastoma pathways, E۲F۳ transcription factors through their axial role became more prominent. Numerous studies showed that this pathway can be regulated effectively and directly via some key factors. RBAT۱ induces tumorigenic qualities in Retinoblasroma cells through HNRNPL. FTO can also regulate E۲F۳ activity and therefore can be a great therapeutic marker. There are several factors that can effect downstream pathway of E۲F۳ axis. Several miRNAs have been demonstrated as great targets but a valuable downstream key target is named HELLS. Conclusion: Previously mentioned factors and proteins due to their correlation with E۲F۳ haS shown proper qualities in order to be a candidate for future advanced molecular targeted therapies for retinoblastoma patients. FTO, Rb gene, RBAT, and HELL are some of these candidates and well-conducted trials and studies are required to confirm efficacy of these possible targets.

کلیدواژه ها:

Retinoblastoma ، E۲F۳ ، Targeted therapy