Expression alternation and function of long non coding Rna in gastric cancer

Abstract Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly malignancies globally, with high incidence rates, particularly in East Asia. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis for gastric cancer patients remains poor due to late diagnosis and high recurrence rates. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators in cancer biology, playing crucial roles in various cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Although lncRNAs do not encode proteins, they can regulate gene expression at multiple levels, including chromatin modification, transcription, and post-transcriptional regulation. This review focuses on the expression changes and functional roles of lncRNAs in gastric cancer. Recent studies have shown that several lncRNAs exhibit differential expression in gastric cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. For instance, HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA) and MALAT۱ (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript ۱) are upregulated in gastric cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. These lncRNAs promote tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis through various signaling pathways, such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI۳K/AKT. Conversely, other lncRNAs like GAS۵ (growth arrest-specific ۵) and MEG۳ (maternally expressed gene ۳) act as tumor suppressors, inhibiting cancer cell growth and promoting apoptosis. The potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers for early detection and prognosis in gastric cancer has gained increasing attention. Several studies have highlighted the diagnostic value of circulating lncRNAs in the blood of gastric cancer patients, offering a non-invasive approach for cancer detection. Furthermore, therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs is emerging as a promising strategy. For example, silencing oncogenic lncRNAs or restoring the expression of tumor-suppressive lncRNAs using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has shown potential in preclinical models. In conclusion, lncRNAs play a pivotal role in the molecular pathogenesis of gastric cancer by modulating key oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. Their differential expression in gastric cancer offers potential diagnostic and therapeutic avenues. This review underscores the importance of further research into the mechanisms of lncRNA function and their clinical applications in gastric cancer. Developing lncRNA-based therapeutics and identifying reliable lncRNA biomarkers may lead to improved outcomes for patients with this challenging disease

کلیدواژه ها:

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ، Gastric cancer ، Tumor progression ، Biomarkers ، Therapeutic targets