Impact of Key lncRNAs on Thyroid Cancer Development and Treatment

Introduction Among WDTCs, the most common forms include PTC and FTC, which usually present an indolent clinical course. However, about ۱۰% of the tumors can differentiate into poorly differentiated or anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Particularly HOTAIR and MEG۳, H۱۹, and UCA۱ are putative major contributors to thyroid carcinomas and thus represent potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Methods Current studies related to thyroid cancer have been reviewed, with references to genetic mutations involving the BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC genes in tumor behavior. Value in neoplasm development and involvement in cellular process regulation through interaction with the MAPK/ERK and PI۳K/AKT signaling pathways were discussed for HOTAIR, MEG۳, H۱۹, and UCA۱ lncRNAs. It has also considered recent advances in molecular diagnostic testing with genomic and transcriptomic analyses to develop better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Discussion According to this review, BRAF and RAS mutations are closely related to aggressive tumor features. lncRNAs also represent an important class of regulators in thyroid cancer. For instance, HOTAIR interacts with cellular pathways to promote tumor growth and metastasis, whereas MEG۳ exerts the functions of a tumor suppressor, regulating cell apoptosis and proliferation. H۱۹ facilitates cancer cell proliferation and migration, while UCA۱ triggers the PI۳K/AKT pathway, promoting cell survival and treatment resistance. These findings underline the potential for lncRNAs as targets of therapeutic intervention. Results It reported that HOTAIR overexpressed in thyroid cancer tissues. Whereas, MEG۳ showed a very decreased expression in thyroid cancer tissues, which was related to tumor size and metastasis. H۱۹ and UCA۱ were also upregulated in cancer cells, contributing to increased cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. By functional analysis, HOTAIR knockdown in thyroid cancer cell lines inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, while its overexpression suppressed apoptosis. Similarly, MEG۳ overexpression suppressed tumor development, and silencing H۱۹ and UCA۱ decreased tumor growth and enhanced sensitivity to treatment. The results were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, showing the relative differential expressions of these lncRNAs in tumor tissues. In all cases, experimental data reached levels of statistical significance that could assure the robustness of the results. Conclusion This study identified HOTAIR, MEG۳, H۱۹, and UCA۱ as important in thyroid cancer. Overexpression of these, along with downregulation of MEG۳ expression were significantly associated with the progression of thyroid carcinoma and may serve as markers for prognosis in patients. Targeting these lncRNAs may offer a promising therapeutic approach to therapies for thyroid cancer, particularly in advanced stages. Functions in thyroid cancer would call for further studies, and clinical trials focused on optimizing outcomes through lncRNA-based therapies would be further needed.

کلیدواژه ها:

Thyroid Cancer ، lncRNA ، Tumor Progression ، HOTAIR ، MEG۳