Expression alternation and function of small non-coding RNAs in Thyroid cancer

Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by inhibiting or promoting the translation of target mRNAs. MiRNAs have been implicated in the development of various cancers, including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and other forms of thyroid cancer. Among the numerous miRNAs differentially expressed in thyroid cancer, miR-۲۲۱, miR-۲۲۲, and miR-۱۸۱b have been extensively studied. Research has demonstrated that miR-۲۲۱, miR-۲۲۲, and miR-۱۴۶ are upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common type of thyroid cancer. A study conducted in ۲۰۱۶ reported a significant increase in miR-۱۴۶b expression, particularly in PTC samples with lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, miR-۲۲۲ and miR-۲۲۱ are upregulated in PTC samples compared to healthy thyroid tissue, which is associated with a higher risk of tumor recurrence. In contrast, miR-۲۰۴ is downregulated in PTC compared to normal thyroid tissues. Methods By conducting a search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we identified ۱۴۳ articles published between ۲۰۱۴ and September ۲۰۲۴. Of these, ۱۰ articles were sourced from Google Scholar, and ۱۳۳ articles were obtained from PubMed. Finally we include ۹ articles in to the our study. Results Thyroid cancer is a prevalent endocrine cancer, making up about ۴۰% of endocrine cancer cases worldwide. It is more common in women, possibly due to hormonal factors, ranking as the ۵th most common cancer among women and the ۲۱st among men. Recent research highlights the role of small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, tRNAs, siRNAs, and piRNAs, in thyroid cancer development, with microRNAs being particularly well-studied in this context. In the flowing abstract , the relationship between ncRNAs and the development of thyroid cancers is going to be discussed . Conclusion Our findings indicate that the association between ncRNAs and thyroid cancer is predominantly attributed to their aberrant expression in the affected cell types or tissues, rendering them potential targets for therapeutic intervention in certain cases. Given that ncRNA deregulation constitutes a significant molecular event in thyroid cancer, it is prudent to adopt a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Moreover, the analysis of ncRNAs holds considerable potential as a predictive tool for evaluating patient responses to specific therapeutic agents.

کلیدواژه ها:

MicroRNA ، Thyroid ، PTC ، Cancer