Immunotherapy of Pancreatic cancer

Introduction Pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality rate among all types of cancer and it is estimated to be the second mortality cause after lung cancer in the United States in ۲۰۳۰. Despite using common and standard treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) for pancreatic cancer, we, unfortunately, are seeing the lowest ۵-year survival rate (۱۳% compared to other types of cancer) due to factors such as high drug and radioresistance. The survival rate for most patients is less than ۱۲ months due to late diagnosis. Immunotherapy is the fourth treatment method for cancer which is promising for pancreatic cancer treatment. Immunotherapy can be used to change cold tumors to hot tumors; of course, this is problematic in some cases. The tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer is one of the problems in some cases that affect immunotherapy through its characteristics such as over-suppression of immune cells, and inflammatory and heterogeneous performance. Late diagnosis of cancer is another problem that decreases immunotherapy efficiency through the development and metastasis of cancer. Tumor vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors T-cells, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are among the immunotherapy methods. Immunotherapy can be used alone or in combination with other methods such as chemotherapy. In ۲۰۱۷, Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration, a monoclonal antibody inhibiting PD-۱ receptors. Some clinical trials are currently ongoing in this regard. Moreover, some other actions have been taken on pancreatic cancer immunotherapy which uses fungi derivatives, NKT cells, and oncolytic viruses. Methods: ۹۸ articles were examined and studied by searching Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Pummed databases using immunotherapy and pancreatic cancer. Result: Using immunotherapy combined with standard treatment methods is a promising vision, considering the limitations of the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: Although immunotherapy is efficient, it needs study, research, and examination as a new method for cancer treatment.

کلیدواژه ها:

Immunotherapy ، Pancreatic cancer ، Treatment