The Role and Function of lncRNAs in the Development and Treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma: Molecular Analysis and Therapeutic Applications

Introduction Reed-Sternberg cells are an assay mark of the infrequent lymphatic system malice of Hodgkin lymphoma. Its complex genetics have been widely studied. Of these, long non-coding RNAs are crucial gene expression regulators. They also control cellular processes, especially in cancer biology. lncRNAs play a great part in control over transcribing, post-transcriptional processes, and epigenetic events. The following abstract will refer to lncRNAs in Huntington's disease and point out great potential as targets for diagnosis and treatment. Methods The techniques used in researching long non-coding RNAs in Hodgkin lymphoma, apart from next-generation sequencing include in situ hybridization and qPCR. In contrast to NGS, HL's lncRNA completed the non-cancerous tissue profiling. This clarified their different ways of communicating very well. The qPCR was employed to validate the data and provided additional proof. The main long non-coding RNAs under investigation were HOTAIR, MALAT۱, and PVT۱. ISH allowed the identification of lncRNAs in tumor samples, giving insight into their spatial roles in HL development. Results This research evidence that the most well-known lncRNA is HOTAIR, which has been found to have increased levels in HL patients, leading to tumor spread and possibly being useful as a biomarker for disease advancement. MALAT۱ plays a crucial role in preserving the gene expression network in HL. They impact the growth, invasion, and apoptosis of cells. Participation in the NF-κB pathway indicates involvement in the evasion of the immune system by tumors. PVT۱ operated through chromatin-remodeling complexes to carry out its epigenetic regulatory role. The results highlight the significant part lncRNAs play in the development of HL. Tissue samples from patients with Hodgkin lymphoma were shown to have increased quantities of long non-coding RNA, such as MALAT۱ and HOTAIR. Long non-coding RNAs control the expression of some genes. Their involvement in important signaling pathways and epigenetic mechanisms showed their significance in the biology of HL. Survival rates and the course of the disease have been linked to the initial levels at which patients initially showed symptoms. Conclusion lncRNAs provide a very good contribution to the field of HL for their involvement in gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, and cellular signaling pathways that their abnormal levels are related to the development of Hodgkin's lymphoma; therefore, they can be considered potential candidates for investigation in its treatment. Data reveal that lncRNAs might be used as biomarkers. It is possible to detect problems early on, assess results, and also study novel treatments. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the function of lncRNAs in HL. The application of CRISPR-Cas۹ technology to target the expression of MALAT۱ and HOTAIR in HL patients is a new, promising line of treatment. This approach will downregulate tumor proliferation in HL cancer cells by a sequence alteration of HOTAIR. Furthermore, the silencing or dysfunction of MALAT۱ will prevent malignancies in the host immune system. In the future, more efficient treatments than HL provides and reduces the disease process.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hodgkin lymphoma ، lncRNA ، HOTAIR ، MALAT۱ ، CRISPR-Cas۹