Galbanic acid-encapsulated PLGA Nanoparticles modulate apoptotic-related genes in colon cancer (SW۴۸۰)

Colon cancer is a significant public health concern. It ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The development and progression of colon cancer involve complex molecular mechanisms, including the dysregulation of various signaling pathways and the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations. While advancements in surgical interventions, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies have improved patient outcomes, there is a critical need for more effective and targeted treatment strategies. This research explores the potential of Galbanic acid-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (GA-PLGA NPs) as a treatment for colon cancer, specifically targeting the SW۴۸۰ cell line. Galbanic acid, a natural compound with known anticancer properties, was encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles to improve its bioavailability and targeted delivery. The GA-PLGA NPs were created and analyzed for their size and shape. The impact of GA-PLGA NPs on SW۴۸۰ cells was assessed using the MTT assay, which showed a significant decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms behind this effect revealed that GA-PLGA NPs influence the expression of key apoptosis-related genes. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) indicated that GA-PLGA NPs had a spherical structure with a uniform size distribution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed an average size of ۲۰۲.۹ nm, a dispersion index ۰.۲۹, and a surface charge of +۳۱.۰۵ mV, suggesting stability and uniform dispersion. The anticancer properties were tested using the MTT assay, demonstrating a significant and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on SW۴۸۰ cells (IC۵۰ = ۶۲.۸ μg/mL) with minimal impact on normal human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. Quantitative PCR analysis showed an increase in pro-apoptotic genes such as BAX and caspase-۳, along with a decrease in the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-۲, indicating the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The results of this study suggest that Galbanic acid-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles effectively induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by modulating the expression of apoptotic-related genes. These findings highlight the potential of GA-PLGA NPs as a promising nanotherapeutic approach for the treatment of colon cancer, warranting further investigation in preclinical models.

کلیدواژه ها:

Galbanic acid ، Nanomedicine ، Gene expression ، Drug development